Folk music
Present-day Indian classical music has evolved from ancient times when two musical styles were prevalent : Gandharva ( formal performance during ceremonies ) and Gana ( for informal performance ) .
The first expounder of music is attributed to Pāṇini in 500 BCE ; and music theory is attributed to the Rig Pratishakhya in 400 BCE . The Natyashastra by Bharata Muni was the first musical work in written form that described music as a system of musical principles . It was divided into octaves and 22 parts.
Currently we know of two systems of classical music : Hindustani and Carnatic.
Hindustani classical music is prevalent in North India , while Carnatic music is confined to South India ( mainly Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh , Tamil Nadu, and Kerala ) . Purandaradasa is known as the father of Carnatic music.
In Hindustani music , there are 10 main forms or styles of singing and compositions : ' Dhrupad ', ' Dhamar ', ' Hori ', ' Khyal ', ' Tappa ', ' Chaturang ', ' Ragasagar ', ' Tarana ', ' Sargam ' and ' Thumri ' .
List of folk music genres by state :
Andhra Pradesh And Telangana - Burra Katha , Suvvi Patalu , Oggukatha ( narrates mythological stories ), Madiga Dappu.
Arunachal Pradesh - Ja - Jin - Ja ( sung during marriage ceremonies ), Bairi , Niyog and Ropi are the folk songs of Arunachal Pradesh.
Assam Bihu , Mising , and Karbi, is the native music of Assam. It is celebrated by the Assamese tribes. Zikir is sung by the Assamese Muslim community.
Bihar - Sohar , Sumangali , Ropnigeet and Katnigeet are some of the famous folk songs of the state.
Chhattisgarh - Pandavani.
Goa – Mando , Banvarh ( a mourning song , usually sung by Hindus on the day of cremation ), Dhalo ( wedding song ), and Dulpod.
Gujarat - Daryo and Lokvarta ( religious and social messages ), Marasiya ( derived from Marsiya ), Dandiya ( Dandiya Raas ), and Fattanna or Lagna - Geet ( during marriage ) .
Bhikhudan Govindbhai Gadhvi is an Indian folk singer of the Daro dynasty. Gujarati folk music , known as Sugam Sangeet , is a hereditary profession of the Barot , Gadhvi and Charan communities.
Haryana - Gharwa singing , swinging , Patka , Rasiya. Himachal Pradesh - Jhuri , anklets.
Jammu and Kashmir - Chakri , Ladishah , Gwatri , Henza ( Kashmiri Pandits ), Vanwun , Bacha Nagma ( performed during marriage ceremonies ), and Dandaras ( performed during Lohri festival ) .
Jharkhand - Daidhra , Adhartia and Vinsaria.
Karnataka - Janpad Geet , Bhaav Geet ( literally means music of expression )
Kerala - Bhuta songs , Puluvan Pattu ( Puluvar community ) .
Maharashtra - Povaada ( ballads sung for heroes ), Lavani , Bhalaari ( sung by farmers ), Ovi ( describing the maternal and marital homes of women ), Bharud , Gondhal , Kirtan , Lalita , Abhangas , Tumbdi are some of the famous folk songs of this state.
Manipur - Khubak Eshei ( in the temple during the rainy season ), Khongjom Parva ( ballad style ), and Sana Lamok.
Nagaland - Hekaileu ( songs about oneself ), Heliamaleu ( dance songs ), and Hereilu ( war songs ) .
The folk songs and culture of the Naga tribes inspire the documentary " Songs of the Blue Hills " .
Odisha - Daskathiya , Geet Kudiya , Rasarkeli , Mailajada , Chutkuchuta , Jaifula , Maleshree , Chhilolai etc.
Punjab - Tappa , Bhangra , Jugni ( in marriage ) .
Rajasthan Maand , Panihari ( a musical form of praise for rain ), Lotiya ( usually sung on Holi ), Pankhida ( sung by farmers ) . Maand is similar to Thumri and Ghazal. Famous Maand singers are Allah Jilai Bai of Bikaner , Mangi Bai Arya of Udaipur , Gavari Bai of Jodhpur , and Begum Batul of Jaipur.
Other Rajasthani folk singers are Ila Arun , Rapriya Balam and Rajnigandha Shekhawat.
The Langas and Manganiyars are distinct hereditary communities of Muslim musicians who live in the Jaisalmer and Barmer districts of western Rajasthan.
Sikkim - Gha To Keto ( describes the natural beauty of the state ), Lu Khangthamo ( thanksgiving song ) .
Tamil Nadu - Kummi Pattu ( Kummi or Kummi Attam ) .
Uttarakhand - Jhora , Bajuband , Basanti , Chopati , Chhura , Chaunfula and Jhumila , Jagar , Khuder , Mangal , Thadya. Thadya was originally performed in royal courts , and is sung by both men and women.
Uttar Pradesh - Barahmasa , Sohar ( song sung to celebrate the birth of a child ), Kaharwa ( sung by the Kahar community at the time of marriage ), Rasiya , Chanaini , Nauka Jhakkad ( barber community ), Kajri ( sung by women during the rainy season ), Qawwali etc.
Birha is an ethnic Bhojpuri folk genre of the Ahir communities in Uttar Pradesh , Bihar and Jharkhand in India.
West Bengal - Bowl , Ramprasadi , Bishnupuri Classical , Kirtan , Shyama Sangeet , Nazrul Geeti , Dwijendrageeti , Prabhat Sangeeta , Agamani - Vijay , Patua Sangeet , Gambhira , Padavali Kirtan ( literally
meaning " collection of songs "), Bhatiyali ( river songs by boatmen ), Bengali rock and Rabindra Sangeet. Bhawaiya is a folk song genre popular in West Bengal , Assam and some parts of Bangladesh.
